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Name: Michael G Smith
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Career and Work
Writing Resumes & cover letters

What should I say in my cover letter?

Shocking as it may seem, employers rarely read cover letters. Yet many job seekers believe that elaborating on their experience and skills in a cover letter enhances their chances of getting an interview.

Hiring managers have limited time and nearly unlimited resumes to screen. The most efficient way to screen resumes is, well, to screen the resume and not bother with the cover letter. A quick review of a resume is all that’s required to place it in one of three categories: not qualified (the vast majority of all resumes); possibly qualified; and, almost certainly qualified.

In most cases, the number of almost certainly qualified candidates must be reduced, so the employer will take a more detailed look at each of those resumes and possibly read the cover letter. If the letter is long-winded, contains stupid comments ("out-of-the-box thinker"; "I'm a people person"), contains some otherwise benign detail that is viewed negatively, or any one of a thousand other problems that the job seeker may not anticipate, the resume will move out of the "interview" pile and into the "not now, maybe later" pile.

Since one cannot know with certainty how the person reading the cover letter will react to any particular bit of information, packing a lot into the cover letter can backfire. It is best to let your resume carry the full load of securing an interview and avoid the risk that your cover letter will undo what your resume may have already accomplished. The ideal letter may simply say, "Please consider me for the position you recently advertised".

Nevertheless, if you feel obliged to write a cover letter, do not use a "boilerplate" letter that is not specifically tailored to the job for which you are applying. Nothing is more frustrating than reading a page-long cover letter in an effort to learn about the candidate's interest in a position, only to find vague generalities with no tie-in to the position being filled.

To sum up, I prefer candidates who respect my time by keeping the cover letter mercifully short. If the candidate has something important to say, the resume--where it will be seen--is the correct place to say it, and not just in the cover letter. The letter may exceed a paragraph if the candidate is providing answers to the following questions: How does the candidate's work experience satisfy the specific requirements stated in the job posting? Why is the candidate interested in this job?

Michael G Smith
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What do you look for when reviewing resumes? How do you avoid overlooking a “golden nugget”?

I don’t think there are reliable shortcuts for reviewing resumes. The more time you take with each one, the less likely you are to set aside a viable candidate.

I don’t reject candidates for reasons not relevant to the job; that is, I don’t reject a candidate because the resume has spelling or grammar errors. I have found blunders in the resumes of successful journalists and authors, so unless I’m hiring someone to write resumes, I don’t use resume mistakes as reason to reject candidates.

I feel the same way about interviews; I don’t particularly care how well a candidate interviews, I’m only interested in how qualified the candidate is.

Screening resumes effectively depends on having a very specific list of qualifications required of a candidate in order to perform the job being filled. As a recruiter I have often found that the qualifications provided by the employer are too vague, irrelevant or simply too numerous. It’s best to boil down the qualifications to the two or three truly essential for the job and then reject all candidates lacking them without concern for rejecting a “golden nugget.”

I don’t think it makes sense, for example, to reject a candidate with, say, 10 years of appropriate experience because they don’t have a college degree. Of course I’d prefer the candidate to have a degree, but I’m trying to find the best candidate in a pile of resumes, and since this candidate’s experience demonstrates he or she is qualified, potentially even the best qualified, I’m not going to reject based on a preference for a college degree.

By looking at the last two or three jobs on the resume, I can quickly evaluate the candidate for two key considerations: 1. evidence of job stability; 2. appropriate work experience at the proper level of responsibility. Job stability is the most important consideration as far as I’m concerned; the candidate’s resume should be dominated by positions with at least three, and preferably five, years of tenure. A habit of job-hopping assures the resume will not be read.

Appropriate work experience is clearly a decision factor. If I need candidates with experience in nonprofit fundraising, then either nonprofit fundraising is on the resume or it’s not. I then evaluate the level of responsibility and the years the experience. Typically, I’m filling management positions, so the resume must list managerial experience of the scope, and for the length of time, that I previously determined are required.

If the requirements for the position are not entirely clear, or qualified candidates are likely to be hard to find, then I may decide to sort resumes during my initial review. I label resumes as: “unqualified,” “possibly qualified,” and “qualified.” After I’ve gone through the batch, if I have enough “qualified” resumes, I probably won’t revisit the “possibly qualified” batch. If not, then a more extensive reading of the resumes in the “possibly” batch is warranted, combined with some online research on those candidates.

Aside from job hopping as a reason to reject, any misrepresentation, intentional obfuscation, or lie will cause me to reject a resume without hesitation. If a candidate has no reservations about fibbing on the resume, they will fib on the job.

Michael G Smith

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